The scientists here analyzed data from GSE264648 and eQTLGen and identified four key genes that were significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease risk: IFNGR1, KLHL5, NUMB, and WDFY4. Functional annotation revealed that PVMs were involved in immune regulation and metabolic pathways, particularly IL-6_JAK_STAT3 and Notch signaling. Immune infiltration analysis showed increased M2 macrophages in Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting their roles in neuroinflammation. Pseudo-time analysis highlighted developmental shifts in PVMs during disease progression.