butyricum-GLP-1 crossed the blood-brain barrier and bound to GLP-1 receptors, reducing the build-up of senescent astrocytes, as evidenced by increased expression of Lamin B1, decreased levels of the senescence biomarker p21, and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Moreover, C. 16S rRNA analysis indicated that C. butyricum-GLP-1 strengthened the gastrointestinal barrier, restored gut microbiota homeostasis, and upregulated the abundance of C. In summary, the results of this study suggested that C. butyricum-GLP-1 inhibited p53/p21 pathway, mitigated oxidative stress by targeting astrocyte senescence, and regulated gut microbiota, suggesting it may represent a therapeutic approach that brings renewed hope to patients with age-related diseases, such as Parkinson disease.

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Based on compelling evidence from observational epidemiological studies, screening colonoscopy has since long been thought to strongly lower the burden of colorectal cancer, both by early detection of prevalent CRC and prevention of incident CRC through detection and removal of precancerous lesions. Widespread offer and use of screening colonoscopy went along with a dramatic decline in CRC incidence in screening age groups in the US, in contrast to an increase in incidence at younger ages and in countries not engaging in CRC screening. The recently published 10-year results from the NordICC trial, the first randomized clinical trial reporting long-term effects of screening colonoscopy on CRC risk and mortality, has been widely interpreted as challenging the evidence for strong efficacy of screening colonoscopy. The observed patterns underline the need for more rigorous efforts to prevent and correct for such biases, along with the need to derive more informative metrics of screening efficacy. Such metrics should include informative estimates of screening colonoscopy effects on both early detection of prevalent CRC cases and prevention of incident CRC cases. The momentum for CRC screening should by no means slowed by misinterpretation of the NordICC trial evidence.

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The scientists here demonstrate the utility of using multiple biomarkers to probe these biological systems, paving the way for future research to explore how these systems change across diverse neurodegenerative conditions.

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Previous studies found that 34-63% of patients with dementia suffer from psychotic symptoms, and previous theories suggest that patients with dementia are cognitively vulnerable and thus more at risk of psychosis, but few studies have explored potential psychosocial and health explanations for the dementia-psychosis link. This study aimed to investigate whether risk factors such as loneliness, low autonomy/control, poor physical health, anxiety, eyesight/hearing loss, and experiences of discrimination act as mediators or moderators of the dementia-psychosis link. Dementia was associated with psychosis through loneliness, poor autonomy/control, poor life satisfaction, poor physical health and eyesight loss as mediating variables. Discrimination did not moderate the association between dementia and psychosis. The results suggest that psychiatrists involved in dementia care should consider "social prescribing" of interventions that reduce patients' loneliness, increasing autonomy/control and life satisfaction through organized activities, employment or volunteering. Psychiatrists are encouraged to consider a range of problems that may make patients feel more cognitively vulnerable and, thus, more at risk of psychosis.

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